Daniela Pavarella
Biography
Degree in Medicine and Surgery, specialisation in Geriatrics, master's degree in Homeopathy Immunopharmacology and diploma in Acupuncture. Extensive experience in internal medicine and trained in functional medicine at the Carvalho Clinic in Porto Alegre (Brazil) Scientific consultant in research centres for autoimmune diseases and infectious triggers Speaker at numerous scientific conferences. For thirty years, she has been investigating the immuno-pathological model of most chronic diseases and is working on the application of Metabolomic Medicine to chronic and autoimmune diseases. Author of a book on the menopause, she has published numerous articles and videos online. She works as a freelance practitioner at the ASL Roma 3, the specialist medical practice in Bologna, and the Centre for Integrated Medicine in Rome.
Abstract
For the complex host-pathogen interactions, metabolomics focused on the dysregulation of metabolic pathways in order to understand the impact of infections on immunity discovering new biomarkers. Inbacterial infections, M1 macrophage cells (pro-inflammatory) upregulate glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway with increases in oxidized glutathione, lactate, glutamate, and aspartate. One of the key requirements of viral oncogenesis is metabolic reprogramming (Warburg effect). The inflammatory process is related to the aging process: inflammaging is an aging-associated (pro)inflammatory state in which immune cells secrete excessive amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The reaction to external stimuli would be a normal inflammatory/immune reaction toward the pathogen, aimed at its neutralization. However, chronic activation of the immune system, due to reactivation of persistent pathogens such as cytomegalovirus, leads to immunosenescence (predominance of memory T cells over naïve T cells and Treg.) and a chronic inflammatory condition associated with major comorbidities. Many other theories have been proposed for the aging process including oxidative stress, which is based on structural damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins. Oxidative stress is related to protein modification, including glycation, oxidation, etc. Glycated and oxidized proteins, are directed to proteolysis, which forms amino acid metabolites excreted in urine and measurable by metabolomics.
